Parvovirus B19 IgM
Enzyme ImmunoAssay (ELISA) for the qualitative determination of IgM antibodies to Parvovirus B19 in human plasma and sera.
The B19 virus, generally referred to as parvovirus B19 was the first (and until 2005 the only) known human virus in the family of parvoviruses, genus erythrovirus. Parvovirus B19 is a non-enveloped, icosahedral virus that contains a singlestranded linear DNA genome. It is classified as erythrovirus because of its capability to invade red blood cell precursors in the bone marrow. Three genotypes (with subtypes) have been recognised. The viral capsid is composed of two structural proteins , namely VP1 (83kD) and VP2 (53 kD). Infection by Parvovirus B19 spreads through respiratory secretions but also through blood or blood products. The infection causes a mild illness characterised by an erythematous maculopapular facial rash called fifth disease or erythema infectiosum. It is tipical in childhood and is also seen in adults. A person usually gets sick within 4 to 14 days after getting infected with parvovirus B19 but about 20% of children and adults who get infected with this virus will not have any symptoms.Infection during pregnancy presents the risk of transmission to the fetus that may result in hydrops fetalis. In particular the presence of IgM antibodies is reported to be correlated to the acute phase of illness, while IgG antibodies become present at different titers shortly after primary infections and last in blood for many years.
People with weakened immune systems caused by leukemia, cancer, organ transplants, or HIV infection are at risk for serious complications from fifth disease. It can cause chronic anemia that requires medical treatment.
Therefore the detection of Parvovirus B19-specific antibodies becomes very important.
Microplates are coated with Parvovirus B19 antigens.
The solid phase is first treated with the diluted sample and IgM to Parvovirus B19 are captured, if present, by the antigens.
After washing out all the other components of the sample, in the 2nd incubation bound anti Parvovirus IgM are detected by the addition of polyclonal specific anti hIgM antibodies, labelled with peroxidase (HRP).
The enzyme captured on the solid phase, acting on the substrate/chromogen mixture, generates an optical signal that is proportional to the amount of anti Parvovirus IgM antibodies present in the sample. The presence of IgM in the sample may therefore be determined by means of a cut-off value able to discriminate between negative and positive samples.
Neutralization of IgG anti-Parvovirus , carried out directly in the well, is performed in the assay in order to block interferences due to this class of antibodies in the determination of IgM.
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