Interleukin-1 beta Human ELISA

IL-1 Beta, a polypeptide cytokine, represents one of the most important mediators of inflammation and host responses to infections [1].

Even low concentrations of IL-1 Beta cause fever, hypotension and production of additional proinflammatory chemokines/ cytokines, such as IL-6 [2]. IL-1 Beta exerts biological effects by binding the membrane-bound type I IL-1 receptor (IL1R), which then associates with the IL-1-receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) to form a complex capable of intracellular signaling [3]. This signalling controls expression of a number of inflammatory and catabolic genes [4].

Besides its favorable role in mediating host responses to microbial invasion, IL-1 Beta has also harmful effects [5]. IL-1 Beta can promote tumor invasiveness, tumor angiogenesis and metastasis [6]. IL-1 Beta also exacerbates damage during chronic diseases and acute tissue injury [7]. Overexpression of IL-1 Beta was observed in the pathophysiological changes that occur during different diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, neuropathic pain, inflammatory bowel disease, osteoarthritis, multiple sclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases [8, 9, 10].

It was observed that IL-1 Beta impairs insulin-producing Betacell function [11]. Macrophage-derived IL-1 Beta production in insulin-sensitive organs leads to progression of inflammation and induction of insulin resistance in obesity [12].

Regarding other biofluids, it was found that IL-1 Beta is one of the most abundant cytokine in saliva. It was observed that salivary level of IL-1 Beta was higher in the patients with periodontitis compared to periodontally healthy subjects [13, 14].