EBNA IgG
Enzyme ImmunoAssay (ELISA) for the quantitative/qualitative determination of IgG antibodies to Epstein Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen in human plasma and sera.
Epstein Barr Virus or EBV is the principal etiological agent of infectious mononucleosis, as well as a contributory factor in the etiology of Burkitt’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, or NPC. A member of the family Herpesviridae, it has a worldwide distribution, such that 80 to 90% of all adults have been infected. Primary infections usually occur during the first decade of life. While childhood infections are mostly asymptomatic, 50 to 70% of young adults undergoing primary EBV infections show mild to severe illness. EBV may cause a persistent, latent infection which can be reactivated under immunosoppression or in AIDS affected patients. As humoral responses to primary EBV infections are quite rapid, the level and class of antibodies raised in most cases allow classification as to whether the patient is still susceptible, has a current or recent primary infection, had a past infection or may be having reactivated EBV infection. The detection of EBV-specific IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies to its major immunodominant antigens (mainly Nuclear Antigen or EBNA and Viral Capsidic Antigen or VCA) has become therefore an important and useful determination for the monitoring and follow-up of EBV infected patients.
In order to get rid of crossreactions with other viruses of the same family, microplates are coated with affinity purified native EBNA antigen, capable to provide the assay with the highest specificity.
In the 1st incubation, the solid phase is treated with diluted samples and anti-EBNA IgG are captured, if present, by the antigens.
After washing out all the other components of the sample, in the 2nd incubation bound anti-EBNA IgG are detected by the addition of anti hIgG antibody, labeled with peroxidase (HRP). The enzyme captured on the solid phase, acting on the substrate/chromogen mixture, generates an optical signal that is proportional to the amount of anti EBNA IgG antibodies present in the sample.
IgG in the sample may therefore be quantitated by means of a standard curve calibrated in arbitrary units per milliliter (arbU/ml) as no international standard is available.
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